観察と監視
観察は状況や対象を詳しく調べたり理解しようとする行為ですが、監視は行動を制御するために見張ることを意味します。
Observation and Surveillance: What’s the Difference? (Similar yet Different #067)
Observation is the act of studying or trying to understand a situation or object, while surveillance means watching over it in order to control its behavior.